VLOOKUP Google Sheet Formula

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VLOOKUP Formula Syntax

=VLOOKUP("Smith", A1:D20, 3, FALSE)

Example Use Case

Looking up a value in the first column and returning a value from the same row

Understanding the VLOOKUP Formula

The VLOOKUP function in Excel searches for a value in the leftmost column of a table and returns a value from the same row in a specified column. It's a vertical lookup tool for retrieving related data—like finding customer information or product details based on IDs.

VLOOKUP("Smith", A1:D20, 3, FALSE) finds "Smith" in column A and returns the value from column C (the 3rd column) in the same row. It takes lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, and optional range_lookup (TRUE/FALSE) arguments, with FALSE for exact matches.

Why Use VLOOKUP?

VLOOKUP retrieves related data—think employee details or product information. Its widespread use makes it an Excel staple for connecting data points, though it has limitations like requiring the lookup column to be leftmost and only looking to the right.

Example with Sample Data

Scenario	Formula	Result
Find Smith's salary	=VLOOKUP("Smith", A1:D20, 3, FALSE)	$50,000
Find product price by code	=VLOOKUP("ABC123", Products!A:C, 3, FALSE)	$19.99
Find tax bracket (approximate)	=VLOOKUP(45000, A1:B5, 2, TRUE)	15%

VLOOKUP finds matching values: "Smith" in column A returns the value from column C in that row. It's a vertical data connector.