OFFSET Google Sheet Formula

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OFFSET Formula Syntax

=OFFSET(A1, 2, 1, 3, 2)

Example Use Case

Creating dynamic references with a specified offset from a starting reference

Understanding the OFFSET Formula

The OFFSET function in Excel creates a reference to a range that's a specified number of rows and columns from a starting reference. It's a dynamic range tool for flexible references—like creating moving windows of data or expanding ranges based on changing data.

OFFSET(A1, 2, 1, 3, 2) creates a reference to a 3×2 range starting at B3 (2 rows down, 1 column right from A1). It takes reference, rows, cols, and optional height and width arguments, allowing for completely customizable range creation based on a starting point.

Why Use OFFSET?

OFFSET builds dynamic ranges—think sliding windows or auto-expanding charts. Its ability to create references relative to a starting point enables adaptive calculations, making formulas responsive to changing data structures or time frames.

Example with Sample Data

Scenario	Formula	Result
Create 3×2 range from B3	=OFFSET(A1, 2, 1, 3, 2)	Reference to B3:C5
Last 3 values in column	=AVERAGE(OFFSET(A1, COUNTA(A:A)-3, 0, 3, 1))	[Average of last 3 values]
Dynamic chart range	=OFFSET(Sales!$A$1, 0, 0, COUNTA(Sales!$A:$A), 4)	[Reference that grows with data]

OFFSET creates moving references: 2 rows down, 1 column right from A1, with 3×2 dimensions creates B3:C5. It enables dynamic, position-relative ranges.