NPER Google Sheet Formula

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NPER Formula Syntax

=NPER(0.05/12, -1000, 100000)

Example Use Case

Calculating the number of periods required for an investment or loan

Understanding the NPER Formula

The NPER function in Excel calculates the number of periods required to pay off a loan or reach an investment goal with constant payments and interest rate. It's a financial planning tool for time estimation—like determining how many years it will take to pay off a mortgage or save for retirement.

NPER(0.05/12, -1000, 100000) calculates how many monthly payments of $1,000 are needed to pay off a $100,000 loan at 5% annual interest. It takes rate, pmt, pv, and optional fv and type arguments, calculating the time required—essential for loan term analysis or savings planning.

Why Use NPER?

NPER determines time horizons—think loan payoff planning or savings goals. Its time-focused calculation helps answer "how long will it take" questions, making it valuable for financial planning, debt management, or setting realistic savings timelines.

Example with Sample Data

Parameters	Formula	Result
Rate: 5%/12 (monthly) Payment: -$1,000/month Present Value: $100,000 Future Value: $0 Type: 0 (end of period)	=NPER(0.05/12, -1000, 100000)	126.97
Rate: 6%/12 (monthly) Payment: -$500/month Present Value: $0 Future Value: $25,000 Type: 0 (end of period)	=NPER(0.06/12, -500, 0, 25000)	44.35
Rate: 7%/1 (annual) Payment: -$5,000/year Present Value: $50,000 Future Value: $0 Type: 0 (end of period)	=NPER(0.07, -5000, 50000)	14.54

NPER calculates time periods: 126.97 months (about 10.6 years) to pay off the mortgage, 44.35 months to save $25,000. It's a financial timeline calculator.