LOOKUP Google Sheet Formula

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LOOKUP Formula Syntax

=LOOKUP(90, A2:A20, B2:B20)

Example Use Case

Finding an approximate match in a sorted range or two arrays

Understanding the LOOKUP Formula

The LOOKUP function in Excel finds an approximate match in a sorted range and returns a corresponding value from the same position in a second range. It's a simplified lookup tool for when exact matches aren't required—like finding values in graded scales or rate tables.

LOOKUP(90, A2:A20, B2:B20) finds the largest value in A2:A20 that doesn't exceed 90 and returns the corresponding value from B2:B20. It comes in vector form (shown) and array form (single range, last row/column as result), always using approximate matching.

Why Use LOOKUP?

LOOKUP handles approximate matches—think tax brackets or performance grades. Its simplicity works well for sorted data where you need the closest match without exceeding the lookup value, though newer functions like XLOOKUP offer more flexibility.

Example with Sample Data

Scenario	Formula	Result
Find grade for 87% (A=90, B=80, C=70...)	=LOOKUP(87, {70,80,90}, {"C","B","A"})	B
Find tax rate for $45,000 income	=LOOKUP(45000, A2:A6, B2:B6)	15%
Array form: Find value in 2D table	=LOOKUP("Smith", A1:D10)	[Value in Smith's row, last column]

LOOKUP finds matches in sorted data: 87 falls between 80-90, so returns "B". It requires sorted lookup ranges for proper results.