COMPLEX Google Sheet Formula

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COMPLEX Formula Syntax

=COMPLEX(3, 4, "i")

Example Use Case

Creating a complex number from real and imaginary coefficients

Understanding the COMPLEX Formula

The COMPLEX function in Excel creates a complex number from real and imaginary coefficients. It's a mathematical construction tool for advanced calculations—like working with electrical engineering problems, quantum mechanics, or any field requiring complex number mathematics.

COMPLEX(3, 4, "i") returns "3+4i", creating a complex number with real part 3 and imaginary part 4. It takes real_num, i_num, and optional suffix arguments, formatting the result as text—perfect for building complex numbers for further processing with other complex number functions.

Why Use COMPLEX?

COMPLEX enables advanced mathematics—think signal processing or engineering calculations. Its ability to create properly formatted complex numbers with custom imaginary suffixes ("i" or "j") makes it valuable for specialized technical calculations, particularly in fields where complex numbers are fundamental mathematical tools.

Example with Sample Data

Real, Imaginary, Suffix	Formula	Result
3, 4, "i"	=COMPLEX(3, 4, "i")	3+4i
5, 0	=COMPLEX(5, 0)	5
0, -7, "j"	=COMPLEX(0, -7, "j")	-7j
-2, 3	=COMPLEX(-2, 3)	-2+3i

COMPLEX builds complex numbers: 3+4i from (3,4), purely real 5 from (5,0), purely imaginary -7j from (0,-7,"j"). It handles sign formatting automatically, and works with Excel's other complex number functions like IMABS, IMSUM, or IMPRODUCT for complete complex arithmetic. It's a complex number constructor.